Introduction: Esthetic surgeries are among the commonest medical procedures in the world nowadays; and as statistics declare, there has been a rapid increase in the rate of rhinoplasty during the recent years. Hence, as the number of cosmetic surgeries rises, the increment in the number of physicians being sued is quite inevitable; either due to complication in rhinoplasties or even inability to fulfill the patients’ expectations. This article aims to clarify the aspects of causes leading to these legal claims.Materials and Methods: We designed a retrospective study according to the available files in the Iranian Organization for Forensic Medicine in which physicians were sued for the outcomes of rhinoplasty through the years 2004 to 2010. In addition, information on the patients’ demographic data, surgeons’ specialty and experience, and method of anesthesia were also collected.Results: 126 patients entered the study among which 77 (61%) were female and 49 (39%) male. Mean age was obtained as 26.9±7.7yrs. Up to 79.4% of patients had complaints concerning the cosmetic outcomes, 39.7% with respiratory and 4.8% with olfactory problems. The reason to sue the physician had a significant relationship with the patients’ age and sex, and also with the surgeons’ experience.Conclusion: There are multiple reasons impelling the patients to sue surgeons after rhinoplasty, some are related to physicians’ malpractice and some to the patients’ social and personal circumstances

Currently, cosmetic surgery is spread around the world. Several factors are involved in this rapidly evolving field such as socioeconomic development, changes in cultural norms, globalization and the effects of Western culture, advertising, media, and mental disorders. Nowadays the cosmetic surgery is becoming a profitable business, which deals exclusively with human appearance and less from the perspective of beauty based on physical protests and considering factors such as sex, age, and race. The morality of plastic surgery subspecialty has undergone many moral dilemmas in the past few years. The role of the patient regardless of his unrealistic dreams has questionable ethical dimension. The problem is the loss of human values and replacing them with false values, of pride and glory to a charismatic person of higher status, that may underlie some of the posed ethical dilemmas. Cosmetic surgery has huge difference with the general principle of legal liability in professional orientation, because the objective for cosmetic surgeries is different from common therapeutic purposes. To observe excellence in the medical profession, we should always keep in mind that these service providers, often as a therapist (healer) must maintain a commitment and priority for patient safety and prior to any action, a real apply for this service recipient should be present. Also, patient–physician confidentiality is the cornerstone of medical ethics. In this review, we study the issues addressed and the ways that they can be resolved.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Skin cancer is one of the most common malignancy in human. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can decrease the mortality and complications of these cancers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of skin cancers in Babol. METHODS: This study was performed on all cases with skin cancers referred to surgery department in Babol medical university. Biopsy of skin lesions were done and sent to pathology department. Data were analysed by SPSS and the proportions were compared by using X2 and Fisher exact tests. FINDINGS: From all of 132 cases, frequency of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) were relatively high and the most common sites of involvement were head and face. Eighty- eight (66.6%) of cases were more than 50 years and there was not a significant relationship between the time of the onset of the lesions and diagnosis in all kinds of these cancers. The mean duration of time from the onset of tumor to diagnosis in BCC, SCC and melanoma were 3.7±1.2, 2.96±1.3 and 3.2±1.3 years, respectively. There was not any significant differences between the types of these cancers according to gender (p=0.04), and also between these cancers and relapse (p=0.0001). CONCLUSION: Since, most of the patients refer with a delay after onset of lesions and with regard to metastasis of some kinds of these cancers, it is necessary to increase the knowledge of people about skin cancers for early diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

The purpose of this study is to express fraud or no fraud in beauty surgery. Present study is carried out using descriptive and analytic method and it is concluded that different plastic surgeries which are done to improve the beauty of the client cannot be considered as fraud providing that no deception happens during the operation. Fraud is forbidden in Islamic viewpoint because it causes lose for others. Accordingly, the following cases are not frauds: 1. Married woman; 2. If a woman does not intend to get married; 3. When the man is aware of the surgery before the marriage; 4. In the cases that the person publicizes his/her surgery to others. This kind of fraud and hiding the truth cannot terminate marriage contract unexpectedly. In fact, if the problem cannot be forgiven (blindness, for instance) or there is a condition within marriage contract that is not fulfilled, the other side of the contract can terminate it.